Sudan is to normalise relations with Israel - the latest in a series of Arab League countries to do so.
US President Donald Trump speaks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyau on the phone about a Sudan-Israel peace agreement. Photo: Win McNamee / Getty Images / AFP
At the same time, US President Donald Trump has removed Sudan from the US list of state sponsors of terrorism, unblocking economic aid and investment.
Announcing the normalisation, Trump said "at least five more" Arab states wanted a peace deal with Israel.
The Sudan deal comes weeks after similar moves by the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.
The two Gulf states became the first in the Middle East to recognise Israel in 26 years.
Sudan and Israel said in a three-way statement with the US that delegations would meet "in the coming weeks".
The countries would discuss agricultural issues, aviation and migration, it said. A specific date for talks has not been announced.
"The leaders agreed to the normalisation of relations between Sudan and Israel and to end the state of belligerence between their nations," the statement added.
Jordan signed a peace deal with Israel in 1994, and Egypt in 1979. Mauritania, an African Arab League member, recognised Israel in 2009 but severed ties 10 years later.
The growing number of Arab countries formalising relations with Israel has been condemned by the Palestinians, who see it as a betrayal of their cause.
Historically, Arab countries conditioned peace talks with Israel on its withdrawal from territories occupied in the 1967 war and the establishment of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.
How was the move announced?
Shortly after Trump formally moved to remove Sudan from the US list of state sponsors of terrorism, reporters in Washington were taken to the Oval Office where the president was on the phone to the Sudanese and Israeli leaders.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the agreement was a "dramatic breakthrough for peace" and the start of a "new era".
Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok thanked Trump for removing his country from the US terrorism list and said the Sudanese government was working "towards international relations that best serve our people". Sudanese state TV said the "state of aggression" would end.
While on the phone to the two world leaders, Trump said: "Do you think 'Sleepy Joe' could have made this deal? Somehow I don't think so."
"Sleepy Joe" is his pejorative nickname for his opponent in the upcoming US presidential election, Democrat Joe Biden.
In response, Netanyahu said: "Well, Mr President, one thing I can tell you is, um, uh, we appreciate the help for peace from anyone in America."
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, US President Donald Trump, Bahrain Foreign Minister Abdullatif al-Zayani, and UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al-Nahyan wave from the Balcony at the White House on 15 September, 2020. Photo: AFP / Saul Loeb
The move is seen as a foreign policy victory for Trump ahead of the 3 November eletion. BBC correspondents say the timing of the announcement is no coincidence.
Trump's pro-Israel policies are seen by his advisers as appealing to Christian evangelical voters, a key part of his voter base.
The US president also said he expected Saudi Arabia would normalise relations with Israel.
His aide, Judd Deere, said the Sudan deal was "another major step toward building peace in the Middle East with another nation joining the Abraham Accords", the term used for the deals signed with the UAE and Bahrain.
However Palestinian Authority President Mahmud Abbas condemned the agreement, saying no one had the right to speak on behalf of Palestinians. Hamas, which controls Gaza, said it was a "political sin".
Meanwhile, Israel said it would not oppose US sales of high-grade military hardware to the UAE. The US had agreed to consider allowing the UAE to buy F-35 fighter jets after normalising ties with Israel.
Israel had said it needed to maintain a military advantage over other states in the Middle East. However, earlier this week it said the US had agreed to upgrade Israeli military capabilities.
How did we get here?
Sudan had been a foe of Israel since the latter's founding in 1948.
Famously, it was the site of a declaration against normalisation with Israel in 1967, when the Arab League, meeting in the capital, Khartoum, swore "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it".
It fought in wars against Israel in 1948 and 1967, provided a haven for Palestinian guerrilla groups and is suspected of sending Iranian arms to Palestinian militants in Gaza several years ago - prompting alleged Israeli air strikes against it.
The political dynamics changed with the overthrow last year of Sudan's long-time ruler Omar al-Bashir and his replacement by a transitional civilian-military council.
Sudan's generals, who wield the real power, have supported establishing relations with Israel as a way to help get US sanctions on Sudan lifted and open the door to badly needed economic aid.
However, the reaction to the deal in Sudan has been mixed.
Some feel Sudan's leaders gave in to Trump's proposal under duress, and out of desperation to be removed from the US's State Sponsors of Terrorism list, BBC senior Africa correspondent Anne Soy reports.
This week, Trump said Sudan would be removed from the US list of state sponsors of terrorism once the US received $335 million ($NZ502m) in compensation for attacks on US embassies in Africa.
The attacks in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 were carried out by al-Qaeda while its leader, Osama bin Laden, was living in Sudan.
Sudan has since placed the money in a special escrow holding account for the victims of these attacks.
-BBC
