UK Prime Minster Theresa May and her cabinet want to bring her EU withdrawal agreement back to the Commons for a fourth attempt at winning MPs' backing.
Banners at a pro-Brexit protest in London on 29 March. Photo: Alex Cavendish/NurPhoto/ AFP
Mrs May said the UK would need "an alternative way forward" after her plan was defeated by 58 votes on Friday.
MPs from all parties will test support for other options during a second round of "indicative votes" on Monday.
However, Conservative Party chairperson Brandon Lewis said the government did not support any of those options.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn refused to say whether his party would offer an option to remain in the EU during these votes, but said the obvious choice was "a good economic relationship with Europe".
The latest vote came on the day the UK was supposed to leave the European Union: 29 March. The date was postponed to allow Mrs May more time to find a Brexit solution.
Friday's defeat was the third time MPs have rejected her withdrawal agreement - the first vote was lost by 230 votes, the second by 149.
The government has so far failed to win over 34 Conservative rebels, including both Remainers as well as Tory Brexiteers, who say the deal still leaves the UK too closely aligned to Europe.
Northern Ireland's DUP - which has propped up Mrs May's minority government - also continues to oppose the deal.
But a No 10 source indicated the prime minister would continue to seek support in the Commons and insisted efforts were "going in the right direction".
UK Conservative Party chairperson Brandon Lewis. Photo: Tolga Akmen/ AFP
MPs will hold another set of non-binding votes on various Brexit options in the Commons on Monday.
None of the eight proposed Brexit options secured a majority in the last round of "indicative votes" on 27 March, but the options which received the most votes were a customs union with the EU or a referendum on any deal.
The customs union allows businesses to move goods around the EU without checks or charges. Continued membership would bar the UK from striking independent trade deals after Brexit.
The Conservative Party's Mr Lewis told Radio 4's Today programme: "The government's position is very clear - we do not support these options. The government's position is we believe the best way to respect the referendum is to deliver the deal."
He said staying in a customs union with the EU would go against the result of the referendum and the Conservatives' election manifesto.
British Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn on 30 March. Photo: MI News/NurPhoto/ AFP
However, Mr Corbyn said Labour would propose a deal that did involve a customs union with the EU - to protect the issue of avoiding a hard border in Northern Ireland.
He said: "I'm convinced at that after spending a lot of time meeting with and talking to officials in Europe."
Nicky Morgan, a former cabinet minister and Tory MP, said one way to end the Brexit deadlock could be a government of national unity - which is a cabinet made up of different parties.
She told Today: "There have been periods in our history when we have had national unity governments or a coalition for a very specific issue."
Earlier this month, EU leaders gave the PM until 12 April to come up with a Brexit solution; if her deal had made it through Parliament on Friday that date would have been pushed back to 22 May to allow time to pass the necessary legislation.
Since the deal was rejected, Mrs May now has until 12 April to seek a longer extension to avoid the UK leaving without a deal.
Commons leader Andrea Leadsom said she remained "confident" the government could deliver Brexit, adding that "we have to keep trying".
Tory Brexiteer Andrew Bridgen said leaving the EU without a deal was the best option on the table.
"No deal is the only way we're going to get out, fulfilling our manifesto pledges and the commitment we made to the British people after the referendum," he said.
UK Prime Minister Theresa May on 29 March. Photo: UK PARLIAMENT/ AFP
Mrs May said it was "almost certain" there would have to be an extended delay to Brexit to allow the UK to take part in the European elections at the end of May if her deal does not go through.
But Downing Street later said this was not an "inevitability".
The withdrawal agreement is the part of the Brexit deal Mrs May struck with Brussels which sets out how much money the UK must pay to the EU as a settlement, details of the transition period, and the Irish backstop arrangements.
If Mrs May wants to hold another vote on the deal in Parliament, it has to comply with Commons Speaker John Bercow's ruling that it can only be brought back with "substantial" changes.
This is why the government separated the withdrawal agreement from the political declaration - on the future relationship with the EU - for Friday's vote.
What happens next?
- 1 April: MPs hold another set of votes on various Brexit options to see if they can agree on a way forward
- 3 April: Potentially another round of so-called "indicative votes"
- 10 April: Emergency summit of EU leaders to consider any UK request for further extension
- 12 April: Brexit day, if UK does not seek/EU does not grant further delay
- 23-26 May: European Parliamentary elections
Meanwhile, Leave voters registered their anger at the latest vote rejection with a protest at Westminster.
Thousands gathered outside Parliament to protest against the delay, bringing traffic to a standstill.
Conservative former Attorney General Dominic Grieve, who has campaigned for a further referendum on the deal, is facing deselection after losing a vote of no-confidence in his Beaconsfield constituency.
The prominent Remainer, who remains an MP for the time being, clashed with his local Conservative Party over Brexit.
- BBC
