University of Auckland Computer Science Lecturer, Paul Ralph, says when it comes to the public procurement of big software design projects - don't! He says the total cost of larger IT projects always cost more than everyone thinks, they're almost impossible to accurately forecast in advance, and innovation is constantly undermined by the tender process. Paul Ralph's recent research in this area includes papers on, 'Requirements Fixation', 'Is Requirement Engineering Inherently Counter productive?' and ' The Illusion of Requirements in Software Development'.